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Fetal malnutrition and its impacts on neonatal outcome in preterm infants

Ayşe Korkmaz1, Ozlem Tekşam, Murat Yurdakök

  • 1Neonatology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|October 11, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Fetal malnutrition affects over half of preterm infants, increasing risks for neonatal complications. Early identification using CANSCORE is crucial for predicting outcomes in preterm infants, even those appropriately grown.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Perinatology
  • Pediatric Nutrition

Background:

  • Fetal malnutrition is a significant risk factor for neonatal outcomes and adult diseases.
  • Preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of fetal malnutrition.
  • Early identification of fetal malnutrition is essential for timely intervention and improved prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and characteristics of fetal malnutrition in preterm infants.
  • To assess the impact of fetal malnutrition on early neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • To evaluate the utility of the Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status score (CANSCORE) in identifying fetal malnutrition.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 93 preterm infants (28-34 weeks gestational age) was studied.
  • Prenatal and natal history, anthropometric measurements, and intrauterine growth were assessed.
  • The Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status score (CANSCORE) was applied to classify infants as malnourished (<25) or well-nourished (>=25).

Main Results:

  • The incidence of fetal malnutrition was 54.8% among the studied preterm infants.
  • Maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow were more frequent in malnourished infants.
  • Neonatal hypoglycemia, polycythemia, feeding intolerance, and necrotizing enterocolitis were significantly higher in the fetal malnutrition group.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal malnutrition is highly prevalent in preterm infants and significantly contributes to early and late neonatal morbidities.
  • CANSCORE is a valuable tool for identifying fetal malnutrition in preterm infants.
  • Early detection of fetal malnutrition is critical for predicting neonatal outcomes, regardless of apparent growth status.

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