Airway allergy and viral infection

There are complex interactions between airway allergy and viral infection. Available evidence suggests that viral respiratory infection can initiate, maintain and activate exacerbation of allergic conditions in respiratory tract. Innate and inflammatory responses to acute viral infection play important roles in its relationship to allergic reactions. On the other hand, biased immune responses toward Th2 caused by an allergic reaction may make the immune response ineffective in combating viral infection. It was previously shown that allergy can increase the expression level of rhinovirus receptors on mucosal epithelial cells. This suggests that airway allergy may increase the risk of rhinovirus infection. We have recently shown that allergy may also increase the expression level of influenza virus receptors. This suggests that airway allergy and viral infection may have a reciprocal interaction. The effect of allergy on the risk and outcome of viral infection needs to be further confirmed in clinical studies and its potential implication for clinical practice should be considered.