Meniscus repair and transplantation techniques

Modern meniscal repair incorporates multiple techniques and adjunctive measures. The classic inside-out repair remains the gold standard and is most appropriate for a bucket-handle type tear of the medial or lateral meniscus. The all-inside technique has gained in popularity recently and has outcomes that approach those of the inside-out repair with decreased morbidity but increased cost. The choice of this technique is most appropriate for small tears requiring few sutures to repair. Outside-in repair can also be employed and is preferred for anterior horn tears. Surgeons may use a hybrid technique that incorporates all techniques in some challenging cases. Meniscal debridement is used for degenerative tears that are not amenable to repair. Meniscal transplantation is an option for symptomatic meniscal deficiency in young, active patients. This article discusses the technical considerations for meniscal debridement, repair, and transplantation.