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Training and learning robotic surgery, time for a more structured approach: a systematic review
H W R Schreuder1, R Wolswijk, R P Zweemer
1Division of Women and Baby, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.w.r.schreuder@umcutrecht.nl
BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|October 11, 2011
Summary
Structured training programs are essential for robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery. This review synthesizes current strategies, emphasizing competence-based system training and stepwise procedural training for future robotic surgeons.
Area of Science:
- Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Surgical Education
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery is experiencing rapid growth.
- There is a growing demand for structured training for robotic surgeons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive literature review on training and learning strategies for robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and the Journal of Robotic Surgery.
- Inclusion of articles on training, learning, education, and teaching of robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery.
- Categorization of findings into training modalities, learning curve, curriculum design, and program implementation.
Main Results:
- 114 full-text articles were included in the review.
- Identified training modalities include didactic, skills-based (dry lab, VR, animal/cadaver models), observation, assisting, proctoring, and mentoring.
- Guidelines for developing structured robotic surgical training programs are presented.
Conclusions:
- Robotic surgical training encompasses both system and procedural components.
- System training should be formally organized and competence-based, not time-based.
- Virtual reality training is anticipated to be crucial; procedural training requires a stepwise approach with objective assessments.