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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

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Published on: April 25, 2019

Vibrational modes identify soft spots in a sheared disordered packing.

M L Manning1, A J Liu

  • 1Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. mmanning@syr.edu

Physical Review Letters
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified structural "soft spots" in sheared model glasses where particle rearrangements initiate. These localized soft spots drive the flow of disordered solids, similar to dislocations in crystals.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Disordered solids exhibit unique mechanical properties compared to crystalline materials.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of deformation and flow in amorphous materials is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize structural "soft spots" in a model glass.
  • To elucidate the role of these soft spots in initiating particle rearrangements and driving material flow.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of low-frequency vibrational modes in a 2D, zero-temperature, quasistatically sheared model glass.
  • Identification of regions with high susceptibility to particle rearrangement.

Main Results:

  • A population of structural soft spots was identified where particle rearrangements initiate.
  • These soft spots evolve slowly and are structurally distinct from the surrounding material.
  • The frequency of soft spot evolution is slower than particle rearrangement intervals.

Conclusions:

  • Disordered solids flow through localized rearrangements occurring at soft spots.
  • These soft spots are analogous to dislocations in crystalline solids, facilitating plastic deformation.