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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...

Overview of the Vascular System

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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Updated: May 28, 2026

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Published on: February 7, 2015

Association between peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction and livedoid vasculopathy.

Chih-Hsun Yang¹, Su-Chin Shen, Rosaline Chung-Yee Hui

¹Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

|October 11, 2011

Summary

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) patients show reduced brachial flow-mediated vasodilation, indicating peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction. This finding suggests endothelial dysfunction may play a role in LV pathogenesis.

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Published on: October 15, 2010

Area of Science:

Vascular Biology
Dermatology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) presents as painful foot ulcerations and scars.
A hypercoagulable state is a suspected cause, but LV etiology remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence of endothelial dysfunction in patients diagnosed with livedoid vasculopathy.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 16 LV patients with active ulcers and 16 controls.
Assessed clinical parameters and performed brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation using ultrasound.

Main Results:

No significant differences in blood pressure, biochemistry, or nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation between groups.
Significantly reduced flow-mediated vasodilation in LV patients (3.58%) compared to controls (7.51%).

Conclusions:

Peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction is evident in LV patients.
Reduced brachial flow-mediated vasodilation is a key indicator in this patient group.