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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

MeCP2: phosphorylated locally, acting globally.

Michael Rutlin1, Sacha B Nelson

  • 1Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.

Neuron
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how MeCP2 phosphorylation, crucial for brain development, is regulated by neural activity. It highlights MeCP2

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Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is essential for proper brain development and function.
  • MeCP2 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is key to deciphering brain development and neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how activity-dependent phosphorylation of MeCP2 influences brain development and neural circuit function.
  • To explore the role of MeCP2 in regulating global chromatin state in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized conditional knockout mouse models to study MeCP2 function.
  • Employed molecular biology techniques to analyze MeCP2 phosphorylation.
  • Performed electrophysiological recordings to assess neural circuit function.
  • Conducted chromatin analysis to evaluate global chromatin state.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that specific patterns of neural activity induce MeCP2 phosphorylation.
  • Showed that MeCP2 phosphorylation differentially regulates gene expression critical for neuronal maturation.
  • Provided evidence for MeCP2's role in modulating chromatin accessibility and organization in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Activity-dependent MeCP2 phosphorylation is a critical mechanism coordinating gene expression with neural activity during brain development.
  • MeCP2 plays a significant role in maintaining global chromatin architecture, impacting broader aspects of genome regulation.
  • These findings offer new insights into the molecular basis of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with MeCP2 dysfunction.