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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Updated: May 28, 2026

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Efficient CRM197-mediated drug targeting to monocytes.

Geert J Schenk1, P C Joost Haasnoot, Mireille Centlivre

  • 1Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. g.schenk@VUMC.nl

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cross-reacting material (CRM)197 targets leukocytes, particularly monocytes, for drug delivery. This CRM197-guided system shows efficient uptake in vitro and specific targeting in vivo, offering a novel therapeutic approach.

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Published on: February 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Targeted drug delivery is crucial for therapeutics facing cellular barriers and off-target effects.
  • Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) on leukocytes presents a potential target for drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of cross-reacting material (CRM)197, a diphtheria toxin variant, for targeted drug delivery to leukocytes.
  • To investigate CRM197-guided liposomes for efficient and specific delivery to leukocyte populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescently labeled CRM197 and CRM197-coated liposomes.
  • Assessed cellular uptake in human leukocytes in vitro.
  • Evaluated in vivo targeting in human immune system (HIS) mice and hamsters.

Main Results:

  • CRM197-guided systems demonstrated efficient uptake by human leukocytes in vitro.
  • CRM197 specifically targeted leukocytes in vivo in HIS mice and hamsters.
  • Monocytes exhibited the most prominent and specific CRM197-mediated uptake.

Conclusions:

  • CRM197 serves as a novel targeting moiety for drug delivery to leukocytes.
  • The findings support the application of CRM197 for selective monocyte treatment in relevant diseases.