Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2026
10:13
Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
Published on: February 14, 2014
Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve in aging
Jason Steffener1, Yaakov Stern
1Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, USA.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|October 11, 2011
Summary
Cognitive reserve explains why some individuals better withstand brain changes. Research explores the neural basis of this reserve, including neural networks and compensation mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Aging Research
Background:
- The concept of reserve addresses the discrepancy between brain pathology and clinical symptoms.
- The cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests individual differences in brain network adaptability influence resilience to brain changes.
- Epidemiological evidence for cognitive reserve is abundant, yet its neural underpinnings require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on the neural substrates of cognitive reserve.
- To present examples of neural reserve, neural compensation, and generalized cognitive reserve networks.
- To outline ongoing research directions in the neural basis of reserve.
Main Methods:
- Review of representative studies from the authors' group.
- Examination of neural reserve, neural compensation, and cognitive reserve networks.
- Schematic overview of ongoing research.
Main Results:
- Studies exemplify potential neural substrates for cognitive reserve.
- Neural reserve, neural compensation, and generalized cognitive reserve networks are discussed as possibilities.
- Ongoing research aims to further elucidate the neural basis of reserve.
Conclusions:
- The neural substrate of cognitive reserve is an active area of research.
- Understanding neural mechanisms like neural reserve and compensation is crucial for explaining individual differences in brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.
- Further investigation into generalized cognitive reserve networks may provide deeper insights.
More Related Videos
06:58Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
Published on: January 24, 2020
07:01Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
Published on: September 20, 2020
Related Concept Videos
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
01:26Aging
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
01:17Cognitivism
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
01:20Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
01:01Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.