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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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[Amanita proxima poisoning in a child].

E Marquant1, C Rousset-Rouvière, E Bosdure

  • 1Unité de médecine infantile, CHU Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Amanita proxima mushroom poisoning can cause severe kidney failure, even in children. This case highlights a pediatric patient who recovered fully after dialysis treatment for acute renal failure.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Amanita proxima mushroom poisoning is a known cause of acute renal failure.
  • The syndrome typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms followed by kidney damage.

Observation:

  • A previously undescribed pediatric case of Amanita proxima poisoning is reported.
  • The 11-year-old patient required dialysis for acute renal failure.

Findings:

  • The pediatric patient achieved complete recovery after dialysis.
  • The mother, who consumed fewer mushrooms, experienced only biological renal and hepatic involvement.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of Amanita proxima poisoning in pediatric populations.
  • Early recognition and supportive care, including dialysis, are crucial for favorable outcomes.