Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2026

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials
Published on: April 27, 2021
Vomiting as a reliable sign of concussion
Darko Ledic1, Ivan Sosa, Ines Strenja Linic
1Rijeka University Medical Faculty, Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, and Rijeka University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Rijeka, Croatia.
Abstract:
Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, with headache being the most frequent symptom of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) (including dizziness, vomiting, nausea, lack of motor coordination or difficulty balancing). Concussion may be caused by a blow to the head, or by acceleration forces without a direct impact. Often, MTBI occurs as the result of a sports injury. Loss of consciousness is always present, unlike vomiting. Therefore, we hypothesize vomiting to be considered as a cardinal sign of concussion. Stimulation of vomiting centres finally triggers vomiting. Professional boxers and mixed martial arts competitions reluctantly agree with stringent rules and protective clothing. We discuss the issue of further protection for those engaged in these and other sports.
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