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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

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Published on: February 2, 2021

Sudden death due to polyarteritis nodosa.

Lisa B E Shields1, Meredith Burge, John C Hunsaker

  • 1Norton Neuroscience Institute, Louisville, KY, USA.

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Classical polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is a rare vasculitis. This case highlights sudden cardiac death in a young man due to undiagnosed hepatitis B virus-associated PAN, emphasizing the need for complete autopsy.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Classical polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is a rare, systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting medium-sized arteries.
  • While mortality has decreased with treatments like antiviral medications, sudden death from undiagnosed cPAN is uncommon.

Observation:

  • A young man presented with nonspecific gastrointestinal and abdominal symptoms over three weeks.
  • Despite medical evaluations, his condition worsened, leading to collapse and death.
  • A medicolegal autopsy revealed widespread vasculitis affecting multiple organs.

Findings:

  • The autopsy confirmed systemic vasculitis involving the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
  • The patient's death was attributed to cardiac complications of polyarteritis nodosa.

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  • The vasculitis was clinically associated with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, indicating hepatitis B virus-associated PAN (HBV-PAN).

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering rare vasculitides in patients with nonspecific symptoms, even with initial misdiagnoses.
    • Complete autopsy and histopathological examination are crucial for diagnosing uncommon conditions like cPAN.
    • Recognizing HBV-PAN is vital for appropriate management and potentially preventing fatal outcomes.