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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

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Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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Uremic pruritus.

Lara W Kfoury1, Makram A Jurdi

  • 1Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02320, USA. larakfoury@hotmail.com

Journal of Nephrology
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Uremic pruritus significantly impacts patients with end-stage renal disease, affecting up to 90% of those on dialysis. Current treatments are empirical, aiming to improve quality of life as definitive options are limited.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Dermatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Uremic pruritus is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
  • It affects a significant majority of patients undergoing dialysis, severely impacting their quality of life.
  • The exact etiology of uremic pruritus is not fully understood, with multiple hypotheses proposed but none conclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of uremic pruritus in ESRD patients.
  • To discuss the limitations of existing therapeutic approaches.
  • To emphasize the need for effective management strategies to improve patient well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on uremic pruritus in ESRD.
  • Analysis of postulated etiologies and current treatment modalities.

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  • Discussion of the goals of symptomatic management.

    • Main Results:

    • Uremic pruritus affects up to 90% of dialysis patients.
    • No single etiological hypothesis is conclusive.
    • Current treatments are largely empirical, lacking strong evidence-based support.

    Conclusions:

    • Kidney transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for uremic pruritus.
    • Therapeutic strategies focus on minimizing symptom severity and enhancing quality of life.
    • There is a critical need for evidence-based treatments for patients awaiting transplantation or ineligible for it.