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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Stereotactic Injection of MicroRNA-expressing Lentiviruses to the Mouse Hippocampus CA1 Region and Assessment of the Behavioral Outcome
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Published on: June 10, 2013

Neuronal activity regulates hippocampal miRNA expression.

Stephen M Eacker1, Matthew J Keuss, Eugene Berezikov

  • 1Neuroregeneration, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

Plos One
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neuronal activity shapes microRNA (miRNA) expression in the hippocampus. This study reveals how specific miRNAs are rapidly induced and then decline following neuronal stimulation, impacting translational control.

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Published on: March 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neuronal activity is crucial for hippocampal function, including translational regulation.
  • Dysregulated translational control in the nervous system is linked to autism spectrum disorders.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of translation in the nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze how neuronal activity regulates miRNA expression in the adult mouse hippocampus.
  • To identify novel miRNAs and characterize the expression patterns of known miRNAs in response to neuronal stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Deep sequencing to identify all expressed miRNAs in the hippocampus.
  • Expression profiling of miRNAs following electroconvulsive shock (ECS) to induce neuronal activity.

Main Results:

  • Identified 119 known miRNAs and 15 novel miRNAs in the adult mouse hippocampus.
  • Observed that less than half of the identified miRNAs were expressed at significant levels (>0.1% of total).
  • Demonstrated a biphasic expression pattern for most miRNAs upon ECS: rapid induction followed by a decline.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal activity dynamically regulates miRNA expression in the hippocampus.
  • The identified miRNAs and their activity-dependent expression patterns offer insights into translational control.
  • Findings have implications for understanding neurological disorders associated with translational dysregulation.