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Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

Overview of Electron Microscopy

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Published on: August 26, 2010

ESR Microscopy for Biological and Biomedical Applications.

C S Shin¹, C R Dunnam, P P Borbat

¹National Biomedical Center for Advanced ESR Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters (Print)

|October 11, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Electron-spin resonance microscopy (ESRM) achieves sub-micron resolution for imaging biological samples. This advanced technique shows promise for diagnosing diseases and studying cell behavior in biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Medical Imaging
Materials Science

Background:

Electron-spin resonance microscopy (ESRM) offers high-resolution imaging capabilities.
Current ESRM resolution is being pushed towards sub-micron levels for detailed analysis.
Biomedical applications require sensitive and high-resolution imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate sub-micron resolution using ESRM with a lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystal.
To explore the feasibility of ESRM for biomedical imaging of cells and tissues.
To validate the use of nitroxides as spin labels in ESRM for biological samples.

Main Methods:

Utilized electron-spin resonance microscopy (ESRM) with lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals for high-resolution imaging.
Employed a water-soluble spin probe (Trityl_OX063_d24) to image rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and cancerous tissues.
Imaged phantom samples with a nitroxide spin label ((15)N PDT) to confirm nitroxide suitability for ESRM.

Main Results:

Achieved sub-micron resolution (~700nm) with LiPc samples.
Successfully imaged RBL cells and cancerous tissues with a resolution of several microns.
Demonstrated that nitroxides can be effectively used as spin labels in ESRM.

Conclusions:

ESRM provides valuable sub-micron resolution for imaging biological samples.
ESRM holds significant potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in medicine.
Further advancements in probes and instrumentation could yield sub-micron biological images for diverse biomedical research.