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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Videos

Aspergillosis in the 'nonimmunocompromised' host.

David A Stevens1, George L Melikian

  • 1Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 So. Bascom Ave., San Jose, CA 95128-2699, USA. stevens@stanford.edu

Immunological Investigations
|October 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Invasive aspergillosis can occur in critically ill patients without traditional risk factors. Increased awareness and diagnostic vigilance are crucial for early detection and management of this fungal infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Invasive aspergillosis classically linked to immunosuppression (chemotherapy, neutropenia, corticosteroids, transplantation, AIDS).
  • Emerging evidence shows aspergillosis, especially pulmonary, in patients lacking these typical risk factors.
  • Many at-risk patients without classic factors are in intensive care units (ICUs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the occurrence of invasive aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering aspergillosis in critically ill patients, even without classical risk factors.
  • To advocate for prompt diagnostic evaluation in suspicious cases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of invasive aspergillosis cases.
  • Analysis of patient populations with and without classical risk factors.
  • Identification of associated conditions and specific clinical presentations.

Main Results:

  • Invasive aspergillosis is increasingly recognized in patients lacking traditional risk factors.
  • Associated conditions include influenza, pneumonia, COPD, sepsis, liver failure, alcoholism, and surgery.
  • Specific sites like sinusitis and cerebral aspergillosis may have distinct risk factors.
  • Critically ill patients in ICUs are a key population for non-classical aspergillosis.

Conclusions:

  • A positive Aspergillus culture in critically ill patients warrants high suspicion for aspergillosis.
  • Clinicians must maintain awareness of aspergillosis in patients without established risk factors.
  • Prompt diagnostic workup is essential for timely intervention in suspected cases of invasive aspergillosis.