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Concentration of Virus Particles from Environmental Water and Wastewater Samples Using Skimmed Milk Flocculation and Ultrafiltration

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Published on: March 17, 2023

Precoagulation-microfiltration for wastewater reuse.

J W Hatt¹, E Germain, S J Judd

¹Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.

|October 12, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adding low doses of ferric sulphate coagulant significantly reduces fouling in microfiltration-based indirect potable reuse (IPR) systems. This allows for increased flux and reduced operational costs, enhancing membrane performance.

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Area of Science:

Water treatment technologies
Membrane filtration processes
Water reuse applications

Background:

Membrane fouling is a major challenge in indirect potable reuse (IPR) systems.
Optimizing coagulant use can mitigate fouling and improve operational efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of coagulant chemicals on membrane fouling in an IPR pilot plant.
To identify the most effective coagulant and dose for reducing reversible and irreversible fouling.

Main Methods:

Jar tests were conducted to assess organic matter removal.
Microfiltration pilot trials were performed using various coagulants and doses.
Extended trials focused on ferric sulphate at 0.5 mg/L at fluxes of 40-50 LMH.

Main Results:

Low coagulant doses had a negligible impact on organic matter removal but positively affected fouling rates.
Ferric sulphate was most effective in reducing irreversible fouling.
Operating at 50 LMH with ferric sulphate reduced fouling to levels seen at 40 LMH without coagulant.

Conclusions:

Low-level ferric sulphate addition enables sustainable operation of microfiltration IPR plants at increased flux.
This optimization leads to reduced membrane area requirements and significant cost savings.
Coagulant use enhances the economic viability of indirect potable reuse systems.