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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis directly...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Studying Adipose Endothelial Cell/Adipocyte Cross-Talk in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
06:35

Studying Adipose Endothelial Cell/Adipocyte Cross-Talk in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Published on: April 5, 2024

Circadian rhythms in adipose tissue: an update.

Jeffrey M Gimble1, Gregory M Sutton, Andrey A Ptitsyn

  • 1Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. gimblejm@pbrc.edu

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|October 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Circadian rhythms regulate adipose tissue, impacting obesity and diabetes. Research shows species-specific variations in these mechanisms, with adipocyte clocks playing a key role.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
06:57

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice

Published on: November 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • * Chronobiology and metabolic disease research.
  • * Adipose tissue biology and endocrinology.

Background:

  • * Growing evidence links circadian mechanisms to adipose tissue dysfunction.
  • * Comorbidities such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity are associated with circadian disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review recent in-vitro and in-vivo findings on circadian mechanisms in adipose tissue.
  • * To highlight studies in murine, human, and model organisms.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of basic science, clinical, and epidemiological studies.
  • * Analysis of in-vitro and in-vivo experimental data from various species.

Main Results:

  • * High-fat diets disrupt circadian mechanisms in murine adipose tissue, linked to obesity.
  • * Circadian gene deletion (e.g., AMPK1, nocturnin) affects adipose tissue biology.
  • * Human adipose tissue circadian gene oscillation appears independent of BMI and diabetes, unlike in mice.

Conclusions:

  • * Circadian rhythms and metabolism are tightly regulated in adipose tissue and peripheral organs.
  • * Adipocytes possess autonomous clocks, independent of central regulation.
  • * Future research focusing on adipose tissue-specific gene deletions will advance understanding.