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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Infecting Mice with Malassezia spp. to Study the Fungus-Host Interaction
06:19

Infecting Mice with Malassezia spp. to Study the Fungus-Host Interaction

Published on: November 6, 2019

Superficial mycosis and the immune response elements.

Paulo Ricardo Criado1, Cristiane Beatriz de Oliveira, Kátia Cristina Dantas

  • 1Departamento de Dermatologia, Clinics Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|October 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Superficial fungal infections, common globally, depend on host immunity. Key factors include fungal virulence and the host immune response, particularly pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), influencing infection outcomes.

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Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
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Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
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Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

Published on: June 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Superficial mycoses are common worldwide fungal infections.
  • Dermatophytes cause these infections, primarily affecting the stratum corneum.
  • Host immune response is crucial for managing dermatophyte infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review host immune defense factors influencing superficial mycoses efficacy.
  • To highlight the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity.
  • To explore how PRRs shape the immune response to dermatophytes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of host immune responses to superficial fungal infections.
  • Focus on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like toll-like receptors, DCSIGN, and Dectin 2.
  • Analysis of how PRRs contribute to immune specificity and pattern recognition.

Main Results:

  • Host immune defense efficacy is influenced by fungal metabolites and virulence.
  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a key role in initiating and directing the innate immune response.
  • The balance between cellular and humoral immunity dictates clinical presentation and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Immune response effectiveness in superficial mycoses is multifactorial.
  • PRRs are critical for recognizing fungal elements and initiating appropriate immune responses.
  • Immune response type (cellular vs. humoral) determines healing or chronic infection.