Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Driving under the influence of drugs: An overview of current legal frameworks.

Forensic science review·2025

Same author

Open vs. laparoscopic vs. robotic pouch excision: unveiling the best approach for optimal outcomes.

Techniques in coloproctology·2024

Same author

Induced pluripotent stem cell production (CSSi019-A)(14432) from an asymptomatic subject carrying a expansion of C9orf72 gene.

Stem cell research·2024

Same author

Assessing robotic-assisted surgery versus open approach in penetrating Crohn's disease: advantages and outcomes in ileocolic resection.

Techniques in coloproctology·2024

Same author

Effects of Fitlight training on cognitive-motor performance in élite judo athletes.

Heliyon·2024

Same author

Robotic resection of presacral tumors.

Techniques in coloproctology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Modeling Brain Tumors In Vivo Using Electroporation-Based Delivery of Plasmid DNA Representing Patient Mutation Signatures

Modeling Brain Tumors In Vivo Using Electroporation-Based Delivery of Plasmid DNA Representing Patient Mutation Signatures

Published on: June 23, 2023

Lecture: fotemustine in brain tumors.

A Silvani¹, P Gaviani, E Lamperti

¹Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 11 Via Celoria, 20133 Milan, Italy. silvani.a@istituto-besta.it

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

|October 12, 2011

Summary

Fotemustine (FTMS), a nitrosourea, shows promise for recurrent malignant glioma. New schedules and combination therapies, like with bevacizumab, are being explored to manage side effects and improve outcomes.

More Related Videos

The Clinical Application of Tumor Treating Fields Therapy in Glioblastoma

The Clinical Application of Tumor Treating Fields Therapy in Glioblastoma

Published on: April 16, 2019

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Published on: August 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Modeling Brain Tumors In Vivo Using Electroporation-Based Delivery of Plasmid DNA Representing Patient Mutation Signatures

Modeling Brain Tumors In Vivo Using Electroporation-Based Delivery of Plasmid DNA Representing Patient Mutation Signatures

Published on: June 23, 2023

The Clinical Application of Tumor Treating Fields Therapy in Glioblastoma

The Clinical Application of Tumor Treating Fields Therapy in Glioblastoma

Published on: April 16, 2019

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Published on: August 2, 2022

Area of Science:

Oncology
Neuro-oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Fotemustine (FTMS) is a third-generation nitrosourea with preclinical efficacy against human tumor cell lines.
Conventional FTMS schedules (induction + maintenance) show 20-52% progression-free survival in recurrent malignant glioma after temozolomide.
Myelosuppression, particularly thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, is a significant toxicity in temozolomide-pretreated patients.

Discussion:

Hematological toxicities associated with conventional FTMS schedules have prompted the investigation of low-dose regimens.
Alternative dosing strategies are being explored to mitigate side effects while maintaining therapeutic benefit.
Combining FTMS with novel agents like bevacizumab is a recent development in treating recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

Key Insights:

Fotemustine demonstrates potential in treating recurrent malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme.
Managing hematological toxicities is crucial for optimizing FTMS treatment in heavily pretreated patients.
Combination therapy with bevacizumab represents a promising avenue for enhancing treatment efficacy.

Outlook:

Further research into optimized FTMS dosing and scheduling is warranted.
Investigating novel combinations with anti-angiogenic agents like bevacizumab may improve outcomes for recurrent glioblastoma.
Long-term efficacy and safety data for modified FTMS regimens and combination therapies are needed.