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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Published on: June 18, 2021

Affordable ART: a different perspective.

T K Aleyamma¹, Mohan Shashikant Kamath, K Muthukumar

¹Reproductive Medicine Unit, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)

|October 12, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new low-cost in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) protocol using clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotrophin achieved a 19% live birth rate per embryo transfer. This affordable approach offers hope for couples unable to afford conventional assisted reproductive technology (ART).

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Infertility Treatment
Assisted Reproductive Technology

Background:

In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is unaffordable for many infertile couples, affecting approximately 10% of the population.
Established assisted reproductive technology (ART) centers can implement cost-saving measures.
Uncommon but recognized ovarian stimulation protocols can reduce treatment costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of a low-cost IVF program.
To determine the live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate of the modified protocol.
To assess the feasibility of providing affordable ART treatment.

Main Methods:

A low-cost IVF program utilized clomiphene citrate (50 mg daily) and intermittent human menopausal gonadotrophin (150 IU on alternate days).
Ovarian stimulation was monitored by ultrasound, with oocyte retrieval triggered by at least two follicles >18 mm.
Embryo transfer was performed on Day 3, with direct costs per cycle estimated excluding professional and facility fees.

Main Results:

The live birth rate per embryo transfer was 19%, with a 22% clinical pregnancy rate.
The live birth rate per initiated cycle was 14% (20/143 women).
The average direct cost per cycle was US$675 for IVF and US$725 for ICSI, with a 26% multiple pregnancy rate and no ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Conclusions:

The modified low-cost IVF protocol achieved an acceptable 19% live birth rate per transfer at a reasonable cost.
This approach can make ART more accessible to couples facing financial barriers.
Established ART centers can adopt this protocol to expand treatment options for infertile couples.