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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
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[Primary progressive apraxia].

Masaki Kondo1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|October 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Primary progressive apraxia may be a distinct neurological condition or a syndrome within other neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to clarify its unique pathology and relationship to conditions like Alzheimer disease.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Primary progressive apraxia (PPA) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive speech and motor planning difficulties.
  • Historically, PPA has been viewed as a distinct entity, separate from dementia, with slowly progressive apraxia.
  • Existing literature suggests PPA may be linked to neurodegenerative processes, potentially overlapping with conditions like corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Alzheimer disease (AD), and Pick disease.

Purpose:

  • To explore the diagnostic and pathological distinctions of primary progressive apraxia.
  • To investigate the hypothesis that apraxia-associated neurodegeneration underlies PPA.
  • To differentiate PPA from other neurodegenerative diseases presenting with apraxia.

Summary:

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  • Studies on primary progressive apraxia suggest that neurodegenerative lesions can cause isolated apraxia, supporting a neurodegenerative basis for the condition.
  • Clinical presentation of PPA is difficult to distinguish from corticobasal degeneration (CBD).
  • Brain pathology in PPA has been found consistent with Alzheimer disease (AD) or Pick disease, though 'primary' PPA might exhibit unique pathological features or represent a syndrome within broader dementias.

    • Impact:

    • Clarifying the nature of primary progressive apraxia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
    • Understanding PPA's relationship to other neurodegenerative diseases can refine diagnostic criteria and inform therapeutic strategies.
    • This research highlights the need for further investigation into the specific pathogenesis and pathological markers of PPA.