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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
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Vertical force and wrist deviation angle when using a walker to stand up and sit down.

Cherng-Yee Leung1, Po-Chan Yeh

  • 1Tatung University. leung@ttu.edu.tw

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study found that using walkers to stand and sit causes significant wrist deviation in the elderly. Walker handle design may need improvement to prevent this, enhancing safety and comfort for seniors.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

  • Walkers primarily assist elderly individuals with lower limb weakness.
  • The impact of walker use on upper limb biomechanics, specifically wrist function, is under-investigated.
  • Daily activities like standing and sitting are crucial for elderly independence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate wrist deviation and vertical forces in elderly individuals using walkers for sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions.
  • To identify potential design flaws in standard walker handles that may affect wrist posture.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-four elderly volunteers (mean age 80.22) participated.
  • Data collected using four load cells and a twin-axis wrist goniometer.
  • Analyzed wrist deviation (ulnar/radial, flexion/extension) and vertical ground reaction forces during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit maneuvers with walker assistance.

Main Results:

  • Significant wrist angle deviation was observed during walker-assisted sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit.
  • Right-hand dorsiflexion was greater than left-hand dorsiflexion.
  • Males generated significantly greater vertical forces.
  • Experienced walker users showed greater ulnar deviation when sitting and greater dorsiflexion when standing.

Conclusions:

  • Standard walker horizontal handles can induce undesirable wrist deviations in elderly users.
  • Improvements in walker handle design are recommended to mitigate wrist strain and enhance user comfort and safety.
  • Further research into upper limb biomechanics during assistive device use is warranted.