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Related Concept Videos

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques I01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques I

Stress prevention and management are crucial for maintaining well-being and building resilience. Techniques to manage stress include cultivating qualities like conscientiousness, a sense of personal control, and self-efficacy. Each of these traits significantly reduces stress and promotes healthier lifestyle choices and outcomes.
Conscientiousness
Conscientious individuals tend to be organized, responsible, and disciplined. They prioritize completing tasks and following structured routines,...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence01:16

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
Social Proof00:52

Social Proof

Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.

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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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Alcohol, conscientiousness and event-level condom use.

Gareth Hagger-Johnson1, Bridgette M Bewick, Mark Conner

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK. G.Hagger-Johnson@ucl.ac.uk

British Journal of Health Psychology
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personality traits, like conscientiousness, are independent risk factors for sexual risk-taking behaviors and estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) during sexual encounters. Alcohol use did not directly mediate condom use in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Alcohol consumption is often linked to impaired judgment and increased sexual risk-taking.
  • Previous meta-analyses show no direct link between alcohol use and unprotected sex at the event level.
  • Personality traits are established risk factors for sexual risk-taking, potentially interacting with alcohol use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct and indirect effects of the Big Five personality traits on condom use.
  • To examine the potential mediating role of alcohol use in the relationship between personality traits and condom use during the most recent sexual encounter.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 190 community-dwelling adults completed validated measures of Big Five personality traits.
  • Participants underwent a detailed assessment of event-level sexual behavior and alcohol consumption.
  • Regression analyses were conducted, controlling for confounding factors such as oral contraceptive use and partner type.

Main Results:

  • Increased conscientiousness was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of condom use (odds ratio=1.14, p=0.04).
  • Conscientiousness also showed a significant association with estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) (p=0.002).
  • No direct association was found between alcohol use and condom use in the analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Personality traits, particularly conscientiousness, are significant independent predictors of sexual risk-taking and eBAC during sexual events.
  • Future research should explore specific facets of conscientiousness and the mediating role of eBAC in other populations.
  • Findings suggest the potential for personality-tailored interventions to address sexual risk-taking behaviors.