Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Unlocking the potential of social prescribing for healthy ageing in the Western Pacific.

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific·2026

Same author

Drivers of health inequalities across education level among older Filipinos: a decomposition analysis using nationwide survey data.

BMC public health·2026

Same author

Global withdrawal of Sabin oral poliovirus type 2 vaccine in 2016.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: Recent Developments and the Tortuous Path to Global Acceptance.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

Notes from the Field: House-to-House Campaign Administration of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine - Sokoto State, Nigeria, November 2022.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report·2023

Same author

Promoting healthy ageing in the Western Pacific: A mini review of good practices and policy responses.

Global health & medicine·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Mucosal immunity to poliovirus.

Pearay L Ogra¹, Hiromasa Okayasu, Cecil Czerkinsky

¹State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.

Expert Review of Vaccines

|October 13, 2011

Summary

Suboptimal oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunogenicity hinders global eradication efforts. Improving vaccine effectiveness is crucial for eliminating paralytic poliomyelitis worldwide.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Public Health

Background:

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) faces challenges due to the oral poliovirus vaccine's (OPV) suboptimal immunogenicity.
Failure to induce adequate protection in specific populations impedes polio eradication.
Understanding mucosal immunity is key to overcoming vaccine failures.

Framework:

The conference focused on mucosal immunity and poliovirus vaccines.
Key areas included wild poliovirus infection, transmission, and vaccine failure.
The goal was to enhance understanding of poliomyelitis control.

Implementation:

Discussions aimed to identify strategies for improving immune response to OPV.
Approaches to increase vaccine effectiveness were explored.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Published on: September 3, 2012

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Published on: September 3, 2012

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

The focus was on orally administered poliovirus vaccines.

Implications:

Accelerating the global eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis is the primary objective.
Improved vaccine responsiveness can overcome current impediments to eradication.
Enhanced understanding of mucosal immunity can lead to more effective polio vaccines.