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Total human exposure: basic concepts, EPA field studies, and future research needs.

W R Ott1

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Environmental monitoring now includes Total Human Exposure (THE), measuring pollutants contacting people directly. This approach fills a critical gap in assessing public health risks from various sources.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Exposure Science
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Traditional environmental monitoring focuses on pollutant levels in air, water, and soil.
  • A significant gap exists between environmental pollutant levels and actual human exposure.
  • This gap hinders accurate public health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the Total Human Exposure (THE) approach.
  • To bridge the gap between environmental concentrations and personal contact with pollutants.
  • To provide critical data for improved public health risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • The THE approach defines a personal exposure "bubble" to measure all pollutant contact.
  • Direct approach: Measures pollutants in air, food, water, and on skin via probability sampling.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Indirect approach: Utilizes human activity pattern-exposure models to predict population exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Over 20 field studies using the direct THE approach were conducted across 15 cities.
    • Pollutants studied include volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, pesticides, and particles.
    • The indirect modeling approach was also applied, yielding valuable data.

    Conclusions:

    • The THE approach generates a comprehensive dataset for risk assessment.
    • Findings reveal surprising insights into the contribution of various sources to public health risk.
    • Further research is needed to expand the application and understanding of THE.