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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

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Inflammation, aging, and adiposity: implications for physical therapists.

Odessa Addison1, Paul C LaStayo, Leland E Dibble

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. odessa.addison@hsc.utah.edu

Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (2001)
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Physical activity and exercise can help older adults combat chronic inflammation and frailty. Exercise mitigates inflammation, improves muscle health, and reduces adiposity, crucial for physical therapists managing this growing population.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Inflammation Biology

Background:

  • Frailty affects a significant portion of older adults (7% >60 yrs, 40% >80 yrs).
  • Chronic inflammation is a key factor in frailty, linked to aging and adiposity.
  • Proinflammatory cytokines increase mortality, sarcopenia, and mobility issues in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform physical therapists about aging, adiposity, and chronic inflammation in older adults.
  • To review evidence on exercise and physical activity interventions for chronic inflammation.
  • To provide clinical recommendations for mitigating inflammation in older populations.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of the effects of aging and adiposity on inflammation.
  • Examination of exercise and physical activity's role in modulating inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Aging and adiposity are associated with increased chronic inflammation.
  • Exercise effectively counters chronic inflammation and adiposity.
  • Exercise balances pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, benefiting frail individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding inflammation's role in aging is critical for physical therapists.
  • Exercise is a potent strategy to manage chronic inflammation and its consequences.
  • Physical activity interventions can improve muscle mass, function, and reduce adiposity in older adults.