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Related Concept Videos

Drug Classes and Categories01:25

Drug Classes and Categories

Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact01:03

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with a...
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Biology and Time Course of Obstruction-Induced Detrusor Underactivity Causing Postvoid Residual Urine.

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Bladder under stress: Pathological and adaptive shifts in channel expression.

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Erectile and Clitoral Dysfunction as Harbingers of Cardiovascular Disease: A Perspective.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Drugs and future candidates.

Karl-Erik Andersson1

  • 1Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Physiology & Pharmacology, Urology, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Canadian Urological Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Des Urologues Du Canada
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Antimuscarinic drugs are effective for overactive bladder (OAB) initially but have drawbacks. New treatments targeting urothelium and nerve pathways are being explored to improve long-term OAB management.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Antimuscarinic drugs are the primary treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.
  • These drugs show good initial efficacy but are limited by adverse effects and reduced long-term effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review alternative pharmacologic treatments for OAB.
  • To explore novel therapeutic targets beyond traditional antimuscarinic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on OAB pathophysiology.
  • Discussion of emerging pharmacologic strategies targeting urothelial and neural mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Limitations of current antimuscarinic therapies for OAB.

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  • Emerging understanding of urothelium, myocyte activity, and neurotransmitters in OAB.
  • Conclusions:

    • There is a need for alternative OAB treatments due to antimuscarinic limitations.
    • Investigational therapies focus on peripheral and central OAB pathophysiology.