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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

[Ankle joint prosthesis for bone defects].

¹Orthopädie am Rosenberg, Klinik Hirslanden-Stephanshorn, Brauerstr. 95, CH-9016, St. Gallen, Schweiz. christoph.lampert@orh.ch

|October 13, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Custom talus implants combined with total ankle replacement offer a promising alternative to tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis for managing large talus defects. This approach avoids the rigidity of fusion, providing pain relief and improved range of motion.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomaterials engineering
Reconstructive surgery

Background:

Managing large talus defects from tumors, osteolysis, or necrosis is challenging.
Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis is the current standard but results in a rigid hindfoot.

Observation:

Early custom cobalt-chrome talus implants experienced subsidence due to lack of bony support.
A revised approach combined a custom-designed talus with the Hintegra total ankle prosthesis.

Findings:

Three patients with massive talus defects received the custom talus-Hintegra system.
Patients reported minimal pain and good range of motion (15°-0-20° dorsi-plantarflexion).
No implant subsidence into the tibia or calcaneus was observed.

Implications:

This custom talus-Hintegra system shows potential as an alternative to tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis for selected patients.
It offers a less rigid solution for talus reconstruction, preserving ankle function.
Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term outcomes and broader applicability.