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The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents
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Published on: August 10, 2014

Nicotine withdrawal modulates frontal brain function during an affective Stroop task.

Brett Froeliger1, Leslie Modlin, Lihong Wang

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 2608 Erwin Road, Lake View Pavilion East Suite 300, Durham, NC 27705-4596, USA. brett.froeliger@duke.edu

Psychopharmacology
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smoking abstinence increases frontal brain activity, potentially due to heightened need for executive control. Withdrawal-induced negative affect disrupts cognitive control during emotional information processing.

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Published on: October 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Smoking abstinence disrupts cognitive and affective processes, including conflict resolution and emotional information processing (EIP).
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of how nicotine withdrawal affects emotion-cognition interactions are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of smoking abstinence on emotion-cognition interactions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen nicotine-dependent smokers underwent fMRI while performing an affective Stroop task (aST) under two conditions: 24-hour abstinence and after smoking as usual.
  • The aST involved trials with incongruent/congruent numerical grids and emotional distractors, alongside emotional image trials.
  • Statistical analyses used a cluster-corrected threshold of p < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Smoking abstinence led to increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the right middle frontal and rostral anterior cingulate gyri.
  • Withdrawal-induced negative affect correlated with reduced frontoparietal activation during negative emotional information processing.
  • Negative affect predicted increased frontal activation during Stroop trials with negative emotional distractors, but not neutral ones.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperactivation in the frontal executive control network during abstinence may indicate increased recruitment of executive resources.
  • Abstinence-induced negative affect appears to disrupt cognitive control circuitry during EIP and heighten demands on frontal executive resources when facing emotional distractors.