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Reactivity of Enolate Ions01:23

Reactivity of Enolate Ions

Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate base is localized on the oxygen...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
Pericyclic reactions can be classified into three categories: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements. Electrocyclic reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements are...
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation02:34

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
05:59

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Ionic liquids: new perspectives for inorganic synthesis?

Dominic Freudenmann1, Silke Wolf, Michael Wolff

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids offer unique properties like low vapor pressure and high stability, enabling novel inorganic compound synthesis. Early examples demonstrate their potential to access unusual inorganic materials.

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ionic liquids possess unique properties: low vapor pressure, wide liquid range, weak coordination, and high thermal/chemical stability.
  • These properties are highly relevant for inorganic synthesis and developing novel inorganic compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the novel aspects that ionic liquids can introduce to the synthesis of inorganic compounds.
  • To demonstrate the potential of ionic liquids in accessing unusual inorganic compounds through early examples.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and early case studies on ionic liquid applications in inorganic synthesis.
  • Analysis of the properties of ionic liquids and their impact on reaction environments.

Main Results:

  • Ionic liquids provide a unique reaction medium for inorganic synthesis.
  • The use of ionic liquids facilitates the formation of inorganic compounds not easily accessible through conventional methods.
  • Early examples showcase the successful synthesis of unusual inorganic compounds using ionic liquids.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquids represent a promising tool for expanding the repertoire of inorganic synthesis.
  • Their unique properties enable the creation of novel inorganic materials and compounds.
  • Further research into ionic liquid-mediated synthesis is warranted to unlock their full potential.