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Related Concept Videos

Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Healing I: Introduction01:11

Healing I: Introduction

Healing is the physiological process by which the body restores the integrity and function of damaged tissues following injury. It involves a coordinated interplay of cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and growth factor signaling. The extent and nature of the tissue damage determine whether healing occurs by resolution, regeneration, or replacement.ResolutionResolution represents the most complete form of healing, occurring when the injury is minimal and tissue...
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Visualizing Scar Development Using SCAD Assay - An Ex-situ Skin Scarring Assay
07:40

Visualizing Scar Development Using SCAD Assay - An Ex-situ Skin Scarring Assay

Published on: April 28, 2022

Ultrastructural differentiation of abnormal scars.

J Meenakshi1, V Jayaraman, K M Ramakrishnan

  • 1Biomaterials Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India.

Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Keloid and hypertrophic scars differ in collagen composition and fibroblast activity. Keloid fibroblasts exhibit higher proliferation and metabolic rates, indicating distinct biochemical and ultrastructural patterns for these scar types.

Keywords:
ABNORMALDIFFERENTIATIONSCARSULTRASTRUCTURAL

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Keloids and hypertrophic scars are common abnormal wound healing responses.
  • Distinguishing between these scar types is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate keloid and hypertrophic scars using biochemical and ultrastructural methods.
  • To investigate the underlying cellular mechanisms contributing to scar formation.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of over 1000 patients over 20 years.
  • Histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopy analyses of scar tissue.
  • In vitro studies on dermal fibroblast proliferation and metabolic activity.

Main Results:

  • Both scar types show excess collagen and proteoglycans, with keloids having more acid-soluble collagen.
  • Keloid fibroblasts display higher proliferation and metabolic activity compared to hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and normal skin.
  • Abnormal collagen fibril assembly and increased endoplasmic reticulum staining observed in keloid fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

  • Keloids and hypertrophic scars possess distinct ultrastructural collagen patterns.
  • Biochemical and ultrastructural markers can aid in differentiating scar types.
  • Further research may refine these parameters for improved surgical therapeutic strategies.