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Related Concept Videos

Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions
12:25

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions

Published on: April 20, 2010

Interactions between microbes and the gut epithelium.

Karen L Madsen1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. martin.floch@yale.edu

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbes influence gut barrier function by altering tight junction proteins, a process mediated by secreted compounds from specific probiotic strains. These interactions are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and involve host receptors like toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NLRPs).

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Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions
12:25

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Published on: April 20, 2010

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
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10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gut microbes interact with the intestinal epithelium via various molecular components.
  • Host-microbial communication is largely mediated by pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs).
  • These interactions are fundamental for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how gut microbes, specifically probiotic strains, influence gut epithelial cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which microbial secreted compounds affect epithelial barrier function.
  • To understand the role of these interactions in maintaining intestinal health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of interactions between gut microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.
  • Assessment of secreted compounds from probiotic strains.
  • Evaluation of changes in tight junction protein expression and localization in gut epithelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Certain probiotic strains release compounds that modulate tight junction protein expression and localization in gut epithelial cells.
  • These effects are dependent on the specific probiotic strain and dosage.
  • Microbial interactions directly impact epithelial barrier integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbes, particularly specific probiotic strains, can directly enhance intestinal barrier function.
  • Secreted microbial compounds play a key role in modulating epithelial cell junctions.
  • These findings highlight the importance of host-microbial interactions for gut health and homeostasis.