Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Probiotics

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mast cell-derived IL-13 as a driver of Crohn disease-associated intestinal fibrosis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2026

Same author

Combining sequence-based approaches with anaerobic microbiology and modelling to understand gut microbial communities.

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·2026

Same author

The Gut Microbiome in Surgical Oncology: Mechanisms, Perioperative Outcomes, and Therapeutic Opportunities.

The British journal of surgery·2026

Same author

Metagenomic analysis reveals distinct patterns of gut microbiota features with diversified functions in <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI), asymptomatic carriage and non-CDI diarrhea.

Gut microbes·2025

Same author

Hereditary Alpha-Tryptasemia Is Associated With Ongoing Symptoms in Individuals With Celiac Disease Despite Following a Gluten-free Diet.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2025

Same author

Comparative effectiveness of metronidazole and vancomycin for treatment of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection in hospitalized children.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

Published on: September 10, 2016

Recommendations for probiotic use-2011 update.

Martin H Floch¹, W Allan Walker, Karen Madsen

¹Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06150, USA. martin.floch@yale.edu

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

|October 14, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This Yale Workshop updates probiotic use recommendations, covering microbiota, immunologic responses, and conditions like diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease. Fecal microbiome transplants are recommended for severe Clostridium difficile infections.

More Related Videos

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

Published on: September 10, 2016

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

The third Yale Workshop convened 10 experts to update probiotic use recommendations from 2005 and 2008.
Discussions focused on the role of normal microbiota in intestinal microecology and immune system interactions.
Key areas included probiotic organism stability, natural history, and impact on obesity and cardiac risk factors.

Framework:

Recommendations for probiotic use in specific conditions were reviewed and updated.
A, B, or C ratings were assigned to probiotic recommendations.
The workshop addressed the use of probiotics in necrotizing enterocolitis, childhood diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Clostridium difficile diarrhea.

Implementation:

The consensus opinion of workshop participants guides the updated recommendations.
Presentations and papers from the workshop supplement the consensus findings.
Expert consensus forms the basis for rating probiotic efficacy and application.

Implications:

Updated guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical probiotic use.
The study highlights the evolving understanding of the gut microbiome's influence on health.
Positive recommendations for fecal microbiome transplants in refractory Clostridium difficile infections are included.