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Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

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Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Published on: December 1, 2023

Antibody response in MOG(35-55) induced EAE.

Patrice H Lalive¹, Nicolas Molnarfi, Mahdia Benkhoucha

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of Neuroimmunology

|October 14, 2011

Summary

In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), mice developed antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and nucleic acids. This suggests a novel role for anti-nucleic acid antibodies in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

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Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Autoimmunity
Central Nervous System (CNS) research

Background:

Neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis and EAE are linked to T and B cell responses against CNS antigens.
The specific role of B cell responses beyond direct antigen recognition in EAE pathogenesis requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the humoral immune response during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
To determine if B cells and antibodies targeting nucleic acids play a role in EAE pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Induction of EAE in mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(35-55)) peptide.
Monitoring of serum antibody levels, including anti-MOG and anti-nucleic acid antibodies, during disease progression.

Main Results:

Mice immunized with MOG(35-55) developed significant serum levels of anti-MOG antibodies correlating with EAE progression.
EAE mice also developed antibodies against DNA and RNA, mirroring serological findings in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Conclusions:

The presence of anti-nucleic acid antibodies in EAE suggests a potential role for these antibodies in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity.
This highlights a previously unappreciated mechanism involving anti-nucleic responsive B cells in EAE.