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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Induction and Diagnosis of Tumors in Drosophila Imaginal Disc Epithelia
08:14

Induction and Diagnosis of Tumors in Drosophila Imaginal Disc Epithelia

Published on: July 25, 2017

RAS oncogenes: weaving a tumorigenic web.

Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta1, Elda Grabocka, Dafna Bar-Sagi

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RAS proteins are crucial for cell signaling. Oncogenic RAS mutations drive cancer by hijacking multiple interconnected pathways to promote tumor growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research
  • Cell signaling

Background:

  • RAS proteins are key regulators of intracellular signaling pathways originating from cell surface receptors.
  • Missense mutations in RAS proteins are common oncogenic drivers in various cancers.
  • RAS signaling networks are complex and involve numerous interconnected pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how oncogenic RAS proteins influence cellular processes.
  • To elucidate the role of RAS signaling in tumorigenesis.
  • To highlight the extensive signaling reach of RAS oncogenes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical and genetic studies on RAS proteins.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways controlled by RAS.
  • Examination of cellular processes affected by oncogenic RAS.

Main Results:

  • RAS proteins control a complex molecular circuitry.
  • Oncogenic RAS activation affects multiple cellular processes.
  • RAS signaling extensively influences pathways driving tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • RAS oncogenes exploit their broad signaling capabilities to promote cancer development.
  • Understanding RAS signaling is critical for cancer therapy.
  • Targeting RAS pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies.