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Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.

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Bubbles in live-stranded dolphins.

S Dennison1, M J Moore, A Fahlman

  • 1Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gas bubbles were detected in live-stranded dolphins, likely from off-gassing due to inability to recompress. Minor bubble formation appears tolerated, suggesting it doesn't cause significant decompression sickness in released dolphins.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Mammal Health
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Gas bubbles in tissues and blood are observed in stranded cetaceans, particularly beaked whales near sonar and dolphins caught at depth.
  • Stranded marine mammals cannot recompress by diving, potentially leading to retained gas bubbles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess live dolphins for gas bubbles using ultrasound.
  • To investigate the origin and implications of gas bubbles in stranded and released dolphins.

Main Methods:

  • B-mode ultrasound was used to scan live-stranded, capture-release, and healthy wild dolphins.
  • Imaging focused on kidneys, liver, eyes, and blubber-muscle interface.
  • Gas bubble presence was corroborated with computed tomography and necropsy in deceased animals.

Main Results:

  • Gas bubbles were found in the kidneys of 21 of 22 live-stranded dolphins and in the hepatic portal vasculature of 2.
  • Bubbles were absent in healthy wild dolphins examined in shallow water.
  • Most released dolphins (11 of 13) did not re-strand, and bubble presence was confirmed post-mortem in nine animals.

Conclusions:

  • Off-gassing of supersaturated blood and tissues is the likely source of gas bubbles in stranded dolphins.
  • Minor bubble formation may be tolerated, not necessarily leading to clinically significant decompression sickness in released animals.
  • The inability to recompress is a critical factor in bubble formation for stranded marine mammals.