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Binding of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to lactate dehydrogenase
Mazen S K Zaqout1, Tomoyuki Sumizawa, Hideki Igisu
1Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
|October 14, 2011
Summary
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) bind to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of cell injury. This binding means TiO₂ NP toxicity may be underestimated by standard LDH activity assays.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Nanotoxicology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is a standard measure of cell injury.
- Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are known to interact with serum proteins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interaction between TiO₂ NPs and LDH.
- To determine if TiO₂ NPs affect LDH activity and quantity.
Main Methods:
- Incubation of purified LDH with varying concentrations of TiO₂ NPs.
- Centrifugation to separate particulate and supernatant fractions.
- Analysis of LDH activity and protein quantity in both fractions using spectrophotometry and SDS-PAGE.
Main Results:
- TiO₂ NPs reduced LDH activity in the supernatant in a dose-dependent manner.
- LDH activity and protein quantity increased in the TiO₂ NP-precipitated fraction.
- SDS-PAGE confirmed a dose-dependent decrease in supernatant LDH and increase in precipitated LDH.
Conclusions:
- TiO₂ NPs bind to LDH.
- The interaction between TiO₂ NPs and LDH can lead to an underestimation of cytotoxicity.
- Standard LDH assays may not accurately reflect TiO₂ NP-induced cellular damage.
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