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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
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Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

HBV and HCV therapy.

Pietro Lampertico1, Alessio Aghemo, Mauro Viganò

  • 1"A.M. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, First Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università di Milano, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Viruses
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon therapy and nucleos(t)ide analogues are effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B and C. Long-term suppression of these viruses can prevent severe liver disease progression.

Keywords:
HBV DNAHCV RNAPeg-IFNRibavirinSVRnucleos(t)ide analoguesresistance

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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections pose significant risks for liver disease progression, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Current treatments aim to suppress viral replication and prevent long-term liver damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of interferon therapy and nucleos(t)ide analogues in managing chronic viral hepatitis.
  • To highlight the importance of treatment adaptation for optimal patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on antiviral therapies for HBV and HCV.
  • Analysis of treatment response rates and long-term outcomes.

Main Results:

  • One year of interferon therapy inhibits HBV replication in approximately one-third of patients.
  • Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue administration is effective in most HBV patients, especially with timely treatment adjustments.
  • Pegylated-IFN combined with Ribavirin achieves sustained virological response (SVR) rates of nearly 65% in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Conclusions:

  • Effective viral suppression through interferon or nucleos(t)ide analogues is crucial for halting the progression of chronic hepatitis.
  • Early adaptation of treatment strategies is essential for managing partial virological response and resistance in HBV patients.
  • Achieving SVR in chronic hepatitis C is a key goal for preventing severe liver complications.