Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multidimensional resiliency factors and psychopathology after acute trauma: Results from a prospective cohort study.

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy·2026
Same author

Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the association between BrainAge acceleration and GrimAge acceleration.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same author

Smartphone Keystroke Biomarkers as Predictors of Adverse Neuropsychiatric Sequelae After Trauma in Trauma Survivors: Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Peritraumatic C-reactive protein levels predict pain outcomes following traumatic stress exposure in a sex-dependent manner.

The journal of pain·2026
Same author

Social support and post-traumatic stress symptoms: Longitudinal bidirectional relationships in the AURORA study.

Journal of mood and anxiety disorders·2026
Same author

Stability control of suspended monorail vehicles based on PID and quadratic programming allocation.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

RNA editing and its control in hepatitis delta virus replication.

Renxiang Chen1, Sarah D Linnstaedt1, John L Casey1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

Viruses
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) relies on host RNA editing to create two forms of its hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). This review details RNA editing mechanisms crucial for HDV replication.

Keywords:
ADAR1RNA editingRNA structural dynamicsRNA structureRNA-protein interactionshepatitis delta antigenhepatitis delta virus

More Related Videos

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, circular RNA virus, resembling viroids.
  • HDV has limited coding capacity, with its hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) using less than half the genome and lacking RNA polymerase activity.
  • HDV heavily depends on host cell functions and its RNA structure for replication, similar to viroids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and control of RNA editing in the HDV replication cycle.
  • To highlight the role of host RNA editing in generating functional diversity in HDV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HDV replication and RNA editing.
  • Analysis of the structural and functional implications of RNA editing in HDV.

Main Results:

  • HDV utilizes host RNA editing machinery to produce two distinct HDAg isoforms.
  • RNA editing is a key mechanism enabling HDV's limited genome to yield functional diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Host RNA editing is essential for HDV's replication strategy.
  • Understanding HDV RNA editing provides insights into virus-host interactions and RNA biology.