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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Dengue virus and autophagy.

Nicholas S Heaton1, Glenn Randall

  • 1Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. nheaton@bsd.uchicago.edu

Viruses
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy indirectly supports dengue virus (DENV) RNA replication by altering cell metabolism. DENV triggers autophagy to deplete triglycerides, boosting energy production for viral replication.

Keywords:
lipid dropletlipid metabolismlipophagyβ-oxidation

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Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body
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Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body
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Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Published on: August 4, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy has been implicated in supporting dengue virus (DENV) RNA replication.
  • Initial hypotheses suggested autophagosomes directly facilitate DENV replication complexes.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy tomography revealed DENV replicates on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, not autophagosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of autophagy's role in DENV replication.
  • To discuss the indirect mechanism of autophagy in modulating cellular lipid metabolism for viral replication.
  • To explore new questions and implications arising from these findings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on autophagy and DENV replication.
  • Analysis of cryo-electron microscopy tomography data.
  • Discussion of cellular lipid metabolism and β-oxidation pathways.

Main Results:

  • DENV replication occurs on ER cisternae invaginations, not classical autophagosomes.
  • Autophagy plays an indirect role in DENV replication by modulating cellular lipid metabolism.
  • DENV-induced autophagy depletes cellular triglycerides, increasing β-oxidation and energy production.

Conclusions:

  • DENV hijacks autophagy to reprogram cellular physiology, specifically lipid metabolism, for enhanced viral replication.
  • This represents a novel mechanism where a virus utilizes autophagy to modulate host cell metabolism.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the implications of autophagy in DENV pathogenesis.