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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

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Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase
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Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Published on: June 16, 2008

Recombination in eukaryotic single stranded DNA viruses.

Darren P Martin1, Philippe Biagini, Pierre Lefeuvre

  • 1Computational Biology Group, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 4579, South Africa. darrenpatrickmartin@gmail.com

Viruses
|October 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses, though often harmless in humans and animals, significantly impact plant food production. Genetic recombination is a key driver of the vast diversity observed in these ssDNA viruses across global ecosystems.

Keywords:
anelloviruscircovirusgeminivirusnanovirusparvovirus

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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase
10:20

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Published on: June 16, 2008

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses infecting plants can cause significant agricultural losses.
  • Metagenomic studies reveal a vast diversity of ssDNA viruses in terrestrial and aquatic environments, with broad host ranges.
  • These viruses are likely crucial components of global ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of genetic recombination in the evolution and diversity of ssDNA viruses.
  • To explore the ecological, biochemical, and selective factors influencing genetic exchange in ssDNA viruses.
  • To assess the adaptive value of recombination in ssDNA virus evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on ssDNA virus biology and evolution.
  • Analysis of genetic recombination mechanisms including homologous recombination, non-homologous recombination, and genome component reassortment.
  • Focus on ecological, biochemical, and selective pressures driving genetic exchange.

Main Results:

  • Genetic recombination, including homologous recombination, non-homologous recombination, and reassortment, is a pivotal evolutionary process for ssDNA viruses.
  • High rates of recombination occur within and between ssDNA virus species.
  • These recombination processes play significant roles in both the daily biology and long-term evolution of ssDNA viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Recombination is essential for generating and maintaining the diversity of ssDNA viruses globally.
  • Understanding the factors influencing genetic exchange is critical for assessing the adaptive significance of recombination in ssDNA virus evolution.
  • ssDNA viruses are significant players in global ecosystems, with recombination driving their evolutionary trajectories.