Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The key roles of thrombin and fibrinogen in human infant and mice atopic dermatitis models.

Allergy·2023

Same author

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin rather than IL-33 drives food allergy after epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2023

Same author

Environmental Determinants of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Current allergy and asthma reports·2021

Same author

Air pollution, racial disparities, and COVID-19 mortality.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2020

Same author

Cysteamine prevents asthma development and reduces airway hyperresponsiveness in experimental asthma.

Allergy·2020

Same author

IL33 contributes to diesel pollution-mediated increase in experimental asthma severity.

Allergy·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

Th2 Cytokines and Atopic Dermatitis.

Eric B Brandt¹, Umasundari Sivaprasad

¹Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.

Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology

|October 14, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis involves allergic T-helper 2 (Th2) responses. Understanding Th2 cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13 is key to developing new treatments for this widespread inflammatory skin condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Genetics

Background:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with increasing global prevalence.
Current research focuses on understanding AD mechanisms and developing novel therapies.
Allergic T-helper 2 (Th2) responses are critical in AD development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of Th2 responses in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.
To summarize recent findings on key cytokines and cell subsets involved in AD.
To identify knowledge gaps and technical limitations in AD research.

Main Methods:

Literature review encompassing genetic studies, human skin research, keratinocyte studies, and mouse models.
Analysis of pro-Th2 cytokines (TSLP, IL-25, IL-33) and their role in dendritic cell polarization.
Focus on Th2 cell contributions and specific Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-31, IL-10) in AD.

Main Results:

Th2 responses, driven by cytokines like TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33, are central to AD.
These cytokines promote Th2 cell polarization and contribute to skin inflammation.
Specific Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-31, IL-10) play distinct roles in AD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

Th2 cell-mediated immunity is a crucial driver of atopic dermatitis.
Further research is needed to address current knowledge gaps and overcome technical limitations in studying AD.
A deeper understanding of Th2 pathways may lead to more effective AD treatments.