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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

Published on: November 17, 2013

Regulating oxygen levels in a microfluidic device.

Peter C Thomas1, Srinivasa R Raghavan, Samuel P Forry

  • 1Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for precise on-chip oxygen control in microfluidic devices using pre-equilibrated solutions, minimizing osmotic pressure changes. This technique ensures stable oxygen levels in test chambers for accurate experiments.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Published on: January 6, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices offer gas permeability for oxygen regulation.
  • Pervaporation in PDMS can cause significant osmotic pressure fluctuations, impacting experimental accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new method for on-chip oxygen control in microfluidic devices.
  • To mitigate osmotic pressure changes caused by pervaporation in PDMS devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pre-equilibrated aqueous solutions in gas-control channels for oxygen regulation.
  • Employing an off-chip gas exchanger to equilibrate control solutions before chip introduction.
  • Integrating a PDMS-based oxygen sensor for real-time oxygen measurements within microfluidic chambers.

Main Results:

  • The new method significantly reduces problems associated with pervaporation.
  • Accurate, real-time oxygen measurements were achieved within microfluidic chambers.
  • Experimental measurements aligned with finite-element modeling predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy enables stable and accurate on-chip oxygen control in microfluidic systems.
  • This approach minimizes pervaporation-induced osmotic pressure changes, enhancing experimental reliability.
  • The integrated oxygen sensor provides precise monitoring capabilities for microfluidic applications.