Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long Noncoding RNA Associations Define an Interferon-Myeloid Immune Axis in Kawasaki Disease.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Validation of a 2-Gene Blood Test for Kawasaki Disease in Febrile Children.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Spezi Data Pipeline: Streamlining FHIR-based interoperable digital dealth data workflows.

NPJ digital medicine·2026
Same author

Catheter Ablation for Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Adults With Total Cavopulmonary Connection Fontan Palliation.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Breakthrough ventricular fibrillation in a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after a decade of stability: A follow-up report.

HeartRhythm case reports·2026
Same author

Heart rate control in paediatric coronary CT angiography using phenylephrine.

European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Electrocardiograms transmitted via facsimile may not allow accurate interval interpretation.

Kanwal M Farooqi1, Scott R Ceresnak, Katherine Freeman

  • 1Pediatric Arrhythmia Service, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Facsimile (fax) and electronic fax (efax) transmission of electrocardiograms (ECGs) significantly distort interval measurements. Alternative methods for sending ECGs for interpretation should be explored to ensure diagnostic accuracy.

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap
07:36

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap
07:36

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are crucial diagnostic tools in cardiology.
  • Pediatricians and psychiatrists commonly transmit ECGs to cardiologists via facsimile for interpretation.
  • The diagnostic accuracy of ECGs transmitted via fax has not been previously established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity and accuracy of ECG transmission methods.
  • To compare interval measurements from original ECGs versus those sent via fax and electronic fax (efax).
  • To determine if fax transmission introduces significant distortion affecting clinical interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • 100 patient ECGs were collected from a pediatric cardiology clinic.
  • ECGs were transmitted using standard fax and electronic fax (efax) methods, alongside original copies.
  • Two electrophysiologists independently measured key ECG intervals (RR, PR, QT) on all three versions.
  • Statistical analysis, including a three-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, was employed to compare measurements.

Main Results:

  • Inter-rater reliability between the two electrophysiologists was not significant.
  • While faxed and efaxed ECGs showed no significant difference from each other, both were significantly different from original ECGs (P=0.0138).
  • Significant distortions were observed in RR and QT interval measurements across all transmission methods compared to original tracings.

Conclusions:

  • Facsimile and efax transmission methods can introduce significant measurement distortions in ECG intervals.
  • These distortions may impact the accuracy of ECG interpretations.
  • Alternative, more reliable methods for transmitting ECGs should be considered to maintain diagnostic integrity.