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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Isolation of Targeted Hypothalamic Neurons for Studies of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Electrical Regulation
09:29

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Published on: August 4, 2023

GIP-dependent expression of hypothalamic genes.

S Ambati1, J Duan, D L Hartzell

  • 1Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA.

Physiological Research
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) influences brain gene expression related to energy balance. GIP administration up-regulated hypothalamic genes, while its absence down-regulated specific genes involved in feeding behavior.

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Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolism Research

Background:

  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone traditionally known for its role in glucose metabolism.
  • Recent discoveries reveal GIP and its receptors (GIPR) are present in the brain, suggesting novel central functions.
  • The hypothalamus is a key brain region regulating energy balance and feeding behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of GIP in hypothalamic gene expression.
  • To identify GIP-regulated biomarkers associated with energy balance and feeding behavior neurocircuitry.

Main Methods:

  • Rats received daily intracerebroventricular administration of GIP or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for four days.
  • Hypothalami were collected for quantitative gene expression analysis using real-time Taqman™ RT-PCR.
  • Gene expression was also evaluated in GIPR knockout (GIPR(-/-)) and wild-type (GIPR(+/+)) mice.

Main Results:

  • GIP administration significantly up-regulated hypothalamic mRNA levels of several genes, including AVP, CART, CREB1, GABRD, JAK2, MAPK1, NPY, OXT, STAT3, and TH.
  • In GIPR(-/-) mice, down-regulation of hypothalamic mRNA was observed for AVP, CART, OXT, PTGES, and STAT3 compared to controls.
  • Specific genes like AVP, CART, OXT, and STAT3 showed altered expression in response to GIP manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • GIP plays a role in modulating hypothalamic gene expression linked to energy homeostasis.
  • AVP, CART, OXT, and STAT3 are identified as potential downstream targets of GIP signaling in the hypothalamus.
  • These findings suggest GIP's involvement in central regulation of energy balance and feeding behavior.