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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Bisphosphonates for osteoarthritis.

David A Walsh, Victoria Chapman

    Arthritis Research & Therapy
    |October 15, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bisphosphonates can help study osteoarthritis pain by targeting synovitis and bone turnover. Further research and refined animal models are crucial for developing effective human osteoarthritis treatments.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 28, 2026

    A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
    11:47

    A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

    Published on: June 8, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics and Rheumatology
    • Pharmacology
    • Translational Medicine

    Background:

    • Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is linked to synovitis and subchondral bone remodeling.
    • Bisphosphonates offer a method to investigate these OA pathogenesis pathways.
    • These agents may hold therapeutic promise for OA management.

    Discussion:

    • Effective translation of preclinical OA findings to human treatments necessitates rigorous animal model evaluation.
    • Identifying specific pathogenic OA mechanisms suitable for therapeutic intervention is key.
    • Targeting these mechanisms pharmacologically in appropriate patient populations and at optimal times is critical.

    Key Insights:

    • Bisphosphonates are valuable tools for dissecting OA pathophysiology.
    • Synovitis and subchondral bone turnover are significant contributors to OA pain.
    • Refined animal models are essential for advancing OA therapeutic development.

    Outlook:

    • Further investigation into bisphosphonate efficacy in OA is warranted.
    • Development of targeted therapies for OA requires a multi-faceted approach.
    • Optimizing the timing and patient selection for OA interventions is crucial for success.