Face transplantation: a leading surgeon's perspective

Twenty years of experience in the field of vascularized composite allografts (VCA) leading to the first US face transplantation is presented. Different experimental models and cadaveric studies in the VCA models are outlined. Development of face transplantation protocol and consent forms for Institutional Review Board approval is discussed. Different scientific, regulatory, and financial considerations that were required before approval of face transplantation are presented. The effort, importance, and role of multidisciplinary team approach are emphasized. Finally, the technical aspects of face transplantation and related immunologic and functional outcomes of the patients are discussed.