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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...

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Visualizing Intracellular SNARE Trafficking by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
08:55

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Published on: December 29, 2017

Membrane trafficking: decoding vesicle identity with contrasting chemistries.

Adam Frost1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. frost@biochem.utah.edu

Current Biology : CB
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alpha-synuclein and ALPS motifs are amphipathic helices that sense vesicle curvature and lipid content in membrane traffic. This work reveals how these proteins distinguish between different vesicle classes.

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Published on: December 29, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Membrane traffic relies on proteins that differentiate vesicle classes.
  • Understanding these recognition mechanisms is crucial for cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how alpha-synuclein and ALPS motifs detect vesicle properties.
  • To elucidate the role of amphipathic helices in protein-lipid interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of alpha-synuclein and ALPS motifs as amphipathic helix models.
  • Investigating their interaction with transport vesicles.

Main Results:

  • Alpha-synuclein and ALPS motifs represent distinct types of amphipathic helices.
  • These helices are sensitive to both vesicle curvature and lipid composition.

Conclusions:

  • Amphipathic helices like alpha-synuclein and ALPS motifs play a key role in vesicle recognition.
  • Their distinct properties allow for the discrimination of different transport vesicles based on physical and chemical cues.