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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

Published on: November 17, 2013

On-chip CO2 control for microfluidic cell culture.

Samuel P Forry1, Laurie E Locascio

  • 1Biochemical Sciences Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6312, USA. samuel.forry@nist.gov

Lab on a Chip
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel microfluidic system for precise control of carbon dioxide partial pressure (P(CO(2))) in cell cultures. The method enables stable, long-term mammalian cell culture under stopped-flow conditions without an incubator.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microfluidics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Precise control of the cellular microenvironment is crucial for long-term cell culture.
  • Microfluidic devices offer advanced control but face challenges with gas exchange and evaporation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microfluidic system for stable, on-chip control of carbon dioxide partial pressure (P(CO(2))) in cell culture media.
  • To enable long-term mammalian cell culture under stopped-flow conditions with minimized evaporation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices with integrated control channels.
  • Employed pre-equilibrated aqueous solutions flowing through control channels to modulate P(CO(2)) in adjacent stagnant channels via gas equilibration.
  • Implemented a source-sink configuration for stable P(CO(2)) gradients.
  • Leveraged aqueous flow to mitigate pervaporative losses at elevated temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved rapid (minutes) and stable (days) P(CO(2)) equilibration on-chip.
  • Demonstrated successful long-term (> 7 days) microfluidic culture of mouse fibroblasts under stopped-flow conditions.
  • Minimized pervaporation and osmolality changes, enabling stopped-flow culture without an incubator.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic system provides a robust platform for precise P(CO(2)) control in cell culture.
  • This technology facilitates long-term cell studies, including analysis of accumulated cell secretions, under physiological conditions.
  • The system simplifies cell culture setups by eliminating the need for external incubators for certain applications.